Why is Israel Attacking Palestine?

In Explainer News by Newsroom01-09-2025

Why is Israel Attacking Palestine?

To understand why Israel attacks Palestine today, it is necessary to step back and look at the historical context. Since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, Palestinians have faced displacement, military occupation, and repeated assaults. 

The Nakba of 1948, when hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were expelled from their homes, set the stage for a lasting conflict over land, rights, and recognition.

In 1967, Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem during the Six‑Day War. Since then, these territories have remained under varying degrees of Israeli control.

The occupation has been marked by settlement expansion, military checkpoints, and severe restrictions on movement, trade, and development.

Israel has launched major military operations in Palestinian territories multiple times in recent decades, often in Gaza, causing mass casualties and destruction.

The declared aim is usually to target armed groups, but civilian neighborhoods, schools, hospitals, and infrastructure have often been damaged or destroyed in the process.

The Situation Leading Up to the Latest Assaults

In the years before the current escalation, Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank were already living under intense pressure. Gaza, in particular, has been under a strict Israeli blockade since 2007, limiting access to food, medicine, electricity, and building materials.

This blockade has contributed to a humanitarian crisis that international agencies, including the UN, have repeatedly warned is unsustainable.

The West Bank has faced increasing settlement construction, land confiscations, and frequent raids by Israeli forces. Tensions rise with each demolition of Palestinian homes or violent settler attack.

The lack of progress in peace negotiations has further deepened the sense of frustration and hopelessness among Palestinians.

The Official Israeli Narrative vs. Palestinian Reality

Israeli leaders often frame military actions as “self‑defense” or “counterterrorism” measures aimed at protecting Israeli citizens from rocket fire or attacks. They emphasize the need to neutralize threats from armed groups in Gaza.

From the Palestinian perspective, however, these attacks are seen as collective punishment against an entire population. The scale and pattern of destruction is targeting not only militants but also homes, schools, cultural sites, and civilian infrastructure, suggesting a broader goal of weakening Palestinian society and limiting its ability to function independently.

Reports from humanitarian organizations consistently document civilian casualties, forced displacement, and long term damage to essential services.

The imbalance of power is stark: Israel has one of the most advanced militaries in the world, while Palestinians live under occupation without a standing army.

The Role of Occupation and Blockade

Occupation and blockade are central to understanding why Israel attacks Palestine. The Gaza Strip’s blockade has been described by human rights groups as a form of collective punishment.

It restricts imports, controls exports, and limits the movement of people, creating deep economic dependency on Israel and external aid.

In the West Bank, the presence of more than half a million Israeli settlers in occupied territory violates international law under the Fourth Geneva Convention.

These settlements, along with military zones and restricted roads, carve the territory into disconnected enclaves, making the creation of a viable Palestinian state increasingly difficult.

Military raids, arrests without trial, and land seizures are regular occurrences. Each act of resistance, protest, or even international advocacy from Palestinians can trigger harsher measures from Israel.

Collapse of Ceasefires and the Escalation Cycle

When temporary truces are reached, they often fail because underlying issues remain unaddressed. Israel insists on maintaining military control and blockades, while Palestinians seek the lifting of restrictions and recognition of their rights.

Ceasefires tend to collapse when Israel resumes targeted killings or raids in the West Bank, or when rockets are fired from Gaza in response to ongoing occupation-related grievances.

These incidents then serve as justification for larger-scale Israeli military campaigns.

The current wave of attacks followed the breakdown of another ceasefire, with Israel resuming aerial bombardment and ground incursions. Each cycle leaves Gaza’s infrastructure more devastated, further crippling healthcare, education, and economic recovery.

Political Motives Behind Israeli Actions

Domestic politics within Israel often influence military decisions. Leaders under political pressure or facing corruption investigations have, at times, used military campaigns to strengthen their image as protectors of national security.

Far-right members of governing coalitions push for harder lines against Palestinians, rejecting peace talks and advocating permanent control over the West Bank and Gaza.

This political environment reduces incentives for de-escalation. Aggressive policies toward Palestinians are not only tolerated but sometimes rewarded in the Israeli political arena.

The result is a military strategy that prioritizes territorial control and deterrence over conflict resolution.

International Response and Accountability Gaps

The international community has repeatedly condemned Israeli attacks that cause mass civilian casualties, yet concrete action has been limited. The United States continues to provide significant military aid to Israel, while using its veto power in the UN Security Council to block resolutions critical of Israeli actions.

Some countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America have recognized Palestine and called for an end to Israeli aggression.

International courts, including the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC), have opened inquiries into possible war crimes committed in Palestinian territories. However, without enforcement mechanisms or strong political will, these efforts have yet to halt the violence.

Humanitarian Consequences for Palestinians

The human cost of Israeli attacks on Palestine is staggering. Airstrikes and shelling have destroyed thousands of homes, leaving families homeless.

Hospitals and clinics, already strained by shortages of medicine and equipment, struggle to treat the wounded.

Electricity cuts and damage to water systems increase the risk of disease outbreaks. Schools are closed for long periods, depriving children of education and stability. 

Entire neighborhoods in Gaza have been flattened, and rebuilding is nearly impossible under the blockade.

Mental health is another overlooked casualty. Years of living under siege and constant threat have created a generation of Palestinians suffering from trauma, anxiety, and depression. Aid agencies emphasize that beyond physical reconstruction, psychological healing will take decades.

Why Palestinians Resist and Demand Justice

Despite overwhelming military odds, Palestinians continue to resist occupation in various forms—through protests, international advocacy, art, literature, and legal action. Many see this resistance not as a choice but as a necessity to preserve their identity, culture, and right to live freely on their land.

The attacks from Israel reinforce the belief among Palestinians that their basic rights can only be secured through sustained pressure on the international stage. 

Movements for boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) have gained traction in some countries, aiming to pressure Israel to comply with international law.

Moving Forward: Calls for Change

Ending Israeli attacks on Palestine requires addressing the root causes: the occupation, settlement expansion, blockade, and denial of Palestinian statehood. Ceasefires alone are not enough.

Without a political solution that guarantees Palestinians control over their own land, resources, and borders, the cycle of violence will continue.

Many analysts and human rights groups argue that lasting peace will only come when Israel ends its occupation, recognizes Palestinian sovereignty, and allows refugees to return or receive fair compensation.

International actors must also ensure accountability for violations of international law, regardless of political alliances.

What This Means Today

The question of why Israel attacks Palestine cannot be answered by looking only at recent events. It is a product of decades of dispossession, control, and systematic denial of rights. Israel’s military power allows it to strike with impunity, while Palestinians endure disproportionate suffering.

Framing these assaults as isolated security measures ignores the broader context: a population under siege, a land under occupation, and a people struggling for dignity and freedom.

Until that reality changes, Israeli attacks on Palestine will remain part of a larger pattern of aggression against a population that has already borne more than its share of loss.

FAQs

Why does Israel continue to attack Gaza and the West Bank?

Israel continues its military actions in Gaza and the West Bank due to ongoing occupation, control over land, and efforts to suppress resistance. These attacks are often justified as self-defense, but many analysts and human rights groups view them as part of a broader strategy to maintain dominance and prevent Palestinian sovereignty.

Is Israel's attack on Palestine a response to rocket fire or a long-term strategy?

While Israeli officials often cite rocket attacks as the trigger, experts argue that the assaults are part of a long-term strategy rooted in occupation, settlement expansion, and blockade.

What are the humanitarian consequences of Israeli attacks on Palestinians?

Israeli attacks have led to mass casualties, displacement, and destruction of civilian infrastructure in Gaza and the West Bank. Homes, hospitals, schools, and water systems are frequently damaged, creating a humanitarian crisis. Mental health issues, poverty, and lack of access to basic services further compound the suffering of Palestinians.